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<p style="text-align: justify;">All the thousands of ecosystems collectively form Biosphere. In other words, we can say, the regions of Earth on its surface or atmosphere or another planet, that is occupied by living organisms including their whole ecosystems, are termed as Biosphere. India has approximately 14 areas of biosphere reserves:-</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">eg. - 1. Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2. Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Other biosphere reserves are located in Kerela, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, etc. In 1988 Nanda Devi biosphere was declared as our second biosphere reserve and the first one (Nilgiri) was declared in 1986. The biosphere is sub-divided into many Categories-</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">(1) Lithosphere</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">(2) Hydrosphere</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">(3) Atmosphere</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">(4) Geosphere</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">(5) Noosphere&nbsp;</p>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #236fa1;">Lithosphere -</span></h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The meaning of 'lithosphere' refers to 'rocky' or 'rigid'. Earth's lithosphere includes the crust, rocks, soil, and minerals. It is hard from its outermost layer of the Earth. The outermost part of the lithosphere chemically reacts to the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. The outermost part of the lithosphere is called as pedosphere.</p>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #236fa1;">Hydrosphere -</span></h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">All the water bodies or components of the earth are included in hydrospheres like oceans, lakes, seas, rivers, and other inland water bodies. It includes all types of water bodies whether it is frozen or liquid or whether it is fresh or marine.</p>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #236fa1;">Atmosphere -</span></h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The hydrosphere and lithosphere are covered by a gaseous layer, all the parts excluding water bodies, land, soil, and rocks are termed as atmosphere.&nbsp;</p>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #236fa1;">Geosphere -</span></h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, and atmosphere, collectively termed as "Geosphere". It includes Earth, Water, Air, and fire.&nbsp;</p>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #236fa1;">Noosphere -</span></h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Noosphere is the sphere evolved or transformed from the biosphere by the involvement of human interference or instead, we can say, the human dominating biosphere is now termed as "Noosphere".</p>

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All the thousands of ecosystems collectively form Biosphere. India has approximately 14 areas of biosphere reserves.

Biosphere | Sub-Categories of Biosphere | Lithosphere, Hydrosphere

All the thousands of ecosystems collectively form Biosphere. India has approximately 14 areas of biosphere reserves.  In the Biosphere topic of Ecology, we will also cover the Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, Geosphere & Noosphere.  

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